PSG has now won the season-opening cup on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup winners after the French winger opened the net early on.
However, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to seal a convincing penalty win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.